美国实验室实现核聚变里程碑，为清洁能源带来希望
国际新闻 2022-12-16 19:22网络整理lllnews.com
美国科学家周二公布了核聚变能源方面的一项突破，如果公司能在未来几十年内将这项技术提升到商业水平，有朝一日将有助于遏制气候变化。
U.S. lab hits fusion milestone raising hopes for clean powerU.S. scientists on Tuesday revealed a breakthrough on fusion energy that could one day help curb climate change if companies can scale up the technology to a commercial level in the coming decades.
U.S. lab hits fusion milestone raising hopes for clean powerU.S. scientists on Tuesday revealed a breakthrough on fusion energy that could one day help curb climate change if companies can scale up the technology to a commercial level in the coming decades.
美国能源部称，12月5日，加州劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家实验室的科学家首次在一项使用激光的聚变实验中短暂实现了净能量增益。科学家们将激光聚焦在一个燃料目标上，将两个轻原子融合成一个密度更大的原子，从而释放出能量。
Scientists at the Lawrence Livermore National Lab in California on Dec. 5 for the first time briefly achieved a net energy gain in a fusion experiment using lasers, the U.S. Energy Department said. The scientists focused a laser on a target of fuel to fuse two light atoms into a denser one, releasing the energy.
Scientists at the Lawrence Livermore National Lab in California on Dec. 5 for the first time briefly achieved a net energy gain in a fusion experiment using lasers, the U.S. Energy Department said. The scientists focused a laser on a target of fuel to fuse two light atoms into a denser one, releasing the energy.
劳伦斯·利弗莫尔的主管金伯利·布迪尔在能源部的一次活动上告诉记者，科学技术的障碍意味着商业化可能不是五六十年的事，而是更早。Budil说:“通过共同的努力和投资，对基础技术进行几十年的研究可以使我们有能力建造一座发电厂。”
Kimberly Budil, the director of Lawrence Livermore, told reporters at an Energy Department event that science and technology hurdles mean commercialization is probably not five or six decades away, but sooner. "With concerted effort and investment, a few decades of research on the underlying technologies could put us in a position to build a power plant," Budil said.
Kimberly Budil, the director of Lawrence Livermore, told reporters at an Energy Department event that science and technology hurdles mean commercialization is probably not five or six decades away, but sooner. "With concerted effort and investment, a few decades of research on the underlying technologies could put us in a position to build a power plant," Budil said.
科学家们大约一个世纪前就知道核聚变为太阳提供动力，几十年来他们一直在地球上研究核聚变。
Scientists have known for about a century that fusion powers the sun and have pursued developing fusion on Earth for decades.
Scientists have known for about a century that fusion powers the sun and have pursued developing fusion on Earth for decades.
美国能源部表示，在激光向目标发射2.05兆焦耳的能量后，该实验短暂地产生了3.15兆焦耳的能量输出，实现了所谓的聚变点火。
The experiment briefly achieved what's known as fusion ignition by generating 3.15 megajoules of energy output after the laser delivered 2.05 megajoules to the target, the Energy Department said.
The experiment briefly achieved what's known as fusion ignition by generating 3.15 megajoules of energy output after the laser delivered 2.05 megajoules to the target, the Energy Department said.
白宫科技政策办公室主任阿拉蒂·普拉巴卡尔(AratiPrabhakar)曾于1978年在利弗莫尔工作过一段时间，当时她还是个十几岁的孩子，她听说过核聚变。她说，这个实验是“毅力可以成就什么”的一个巨大例子。
Arati Prabhakar, director of the White House Office of Sciences and Technology Policy, who heard about fusion at Livermore when she worked there briefly in 1978 as a teenager, said the experiment represents a "tremendous example of what perseverance can achieve."
Arati Prabhakar, director of the White House Office of Sciences and Technology Policy, who heard about fusion at Livermore when she worked there briefly in 1978 as a teenager, said the experiment represents a "tremendous example of what perseverance can achieve."
实验室以外的核科学家表示，这一成就将是一个重要的垫脚石，但在核聚变商业化之前，还有更多的科学工作要做。
Nuclear scientists outside the lab said the achievement will be a major stepping stone, but there is much more science to be done before fusion becomes commercially viable.
Nuclear scientists outside the lab said the achievement will be a major stepping stone, but there is much more science to be done before fusion becomes commercially viable.
国家点火装置的激光能量在劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家实验室的空腔内转换成x射线
National Ignition Facility’s laser energy is converted into x-rays inside the hohlraum at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
National Ignition Facility’s laser energy is converted into x-rays inside the hohlraum at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
国家点火装置的激光能量在空腔内转换成x射线，然后压缩燃料舱直到内爆，在美国加利福尼亚州利弗莫尔的劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家实验室联邦研究设施拍摄的一张未注明日期的照片中，产生高温、高压等离子体
National Ignition Facility’s laser energy is converted into x-rays inside the hohlraum, which then compress a fuel capsule until it implodes, creating a high temperature, high pressure plasma in an undated photograph at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory federal research facility in Livermore, California, U.S. John Jett and Jake Long/Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory/Handout via REUTERS
National Ignition Facility’s laser energy is converted into x-rays inside the hohlraum, which then compress a fuel capsule until it implodes, creating a high temperature, high pressure plasma in an undated photograph at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory federal research facility in Livermore, California, U.S. John Jett and Jake Long/Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory/Handout via REUTERS
剑桥大学核能专家托尼·鲁尔斯通(TonyRoulstone)估计，实验输出的能量仅为最初发射激光所需能量的0.5%。
Tony Roulstone, a nuclear energy expert at the University of Cambridge, estimated that the energy output of the experiment was only 0.5% of the energy that was needed to fire the lasers in the first place.
Tony Roulstone, a nuclear energy expert at the University of Cambridge, estimated that the energy output of the experiment was only 0.5% of the energy that was needed to fire the lasers in the first place.
“因此，我们可以说这个结果……是科学的成功，但距离提供有用、充足、清洁的能源还有很长的路要走。”为了商业化，发电厂必须产生足够的能量来驱动激光，并实现持续点火。
"Therefore, we can say that this result ... is a success of the science – but still a long way from providing useful, abundant, clean energy," Roulstone said. In order to become commercial, a power plant would have to produce enough energy to power the lasers and to achieve ignition continuously.
"Therefore, we can say that this result ... is a success of the science – but still a long way from providing useful, abundant, clean energy," Roulstone said. In order to become commercial, a power plant would have to produce enough energy to power the lasers and to achieve ignition continuously.
“这是一个点燃胶囊(燃料)一次，”Budil谈到实验时说。要实现商业核聚变能源，你必须……每分钟都能产生很多很多聚变点火事件。”
"This is one igniting capsule (of fuel) one time," Budil said about the experiment. To realize commercial fusion energy you have to ... be able to produce many, many fusion ignition events per minute."
"This is one igniting capsule (of fuel) one time," Budil said about the experiment. To realize commercial fusion energy you have to ... be able to produce many, many fusion ignition events per minute."
电力行业谨慎地欢迎这一举措，但也强调，为了实现能源转型，核聚变不应减缓开发其他替代能源的努力，如太阳能和风能、电池存储和核裂变。
The electricity industry cautiously welcomed the step, though emphasized that in order to carry out the energy transition, fusion should not slow down efforts on building out other alternatives like solar and wind power, battery storage and nuclear fission.
The electricity industry cautiously welcomed the step, though emphasized that in order to carry out the energy transition, fusion should not slow down efforts on building out other alternatives like solar and wind power, battery storage and nuclear fission.
“这是第一步，表明‘是的，这不仅仅是幻想，理论上是可以做到的，’”非营利能源研究与发展组织EPRI的高级技术主管安德鲁·索德(AndrewSowder)说。
"It's the first step that says 'Yes, this is not just fantasy, this can be done, in theory,'" said Andrew Sowder, a senior technology executive at EPRI, a nonprofit energy research and development group.
"It's the first step that says 'Yes, this is not just fantasy, this can be done, in theory,'" said Andrew Sowder, a senior technology executive at EPRI, a nonprofit energy research and development group.
DebraCallahan一直在LawrenceLivermore工作到今年年底，现在是焦点能源公司的高级科学家，她说实验室的结果将帮助公司弄清楚如何使激光更高效。“每个人都对已经取得的成就和未来感到兴奋。”
Debra Callahan, who worked at Lawrence Livermore until late this year and is now a senior scientist at Focused Energy, said the lab's results will help companies figure out how to make lasers more efficient. "Everyone is excited about what's been achieved and what's in the future."
Debra Callahan, who worked at Lawrence Livermore until late this year and is now a senior scientist at Focused Energy, said the lab's results will help companies figure out how to make lasers more efficient. "Everyone is excited about what's been achieved and what's in the future."
根据聚变工业协会(fusionIndustryAssociation)的数据，专注能源是数十家致力于将聚变能源商业化的公司之一，这些公司已经筹集了约50亿美元的私人和政府资金，其中超过28亿美元来自今年6月之前的12个月。包括英联邦聚变系统公司在内的几家公司试图使用强大的磁铁来代替激光。
Focused Energy is one of dozens of companies working to commercialize fusion energy that have raised about $5 billion in private and government funding, with more than $2.8 billion coming in the 12 months before June of this year, according to the Fusion Industry Association. Several, including Commonwealth Fusion Systems, seek to use powerful magnets instead of lasers.
Focused Energy is one of dozens of companies working to commercialize fusion energy that have raised about $5 billion in private and government funding, with more than $2.8 billion coming in the 12 months before June of this year, according to the Fusion Industry Association. Several, including Commonwealth Fusion Systems, seek to use powerful magnets instead of lasers.
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